Operation Protective Edge Israel pada Perang Gaza 2014: Justifikasi Pelanggaran Hukum Humaniter Internasional dalam Prinsip Just War
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21776/jtg.v4i2.78Abstract
Perang Gaza 2014 merupakan konflik bersenjata ketiga yang terbesar antara Israel dan Hamas di Jalur Gaza. Hamas menembakkan sejumlah roket dan mortir ke wilayah-wilayah strategis di Israel. Israel kemudian meluncurkan Operation Protective Edge sebagai bentuk manifestasi serangan balasannya terhadap Hamas. Penggunaan kekuatan militer oleh kedua pihak menyebabkan collateral damage yang sangat besar, khususnya di Jalur Gaza. Dalam pelaksanaannya, Operation Protective Edge dianggap melanggar Hukum Humaniter Internasional dan tidak sesuai dengan prinsip-prinisip dalam Just War. Dengan mendasarkan analisa pada prinsip Just War, tulisan ini akan menjelaskan mengapa pelanggaran terhadap Hukum Humaniter Internasional dalam Operation Protective Edge dapat dijustifikasi sehingga tidak dianggap sebagai kejahatan perang? Argumen dalam tulisan ini meliputi: 1) Operation Protective Edge merupakan operasi militer yang proporsional; 2) perang yang terjadi antara Israel-Hamas adalah konflik asimetris; 3) dukungan Amerika yang didasarkan pada resolusi Dewan Keamanan PBB sehingga Israel tidak dianggap melakukan kejahatan perang.
Kata kunci: Israel, Hamas, Operation Protective Edge, Just War, Jus ad bellum, Jus in bello, proportionality, asymmetric conflict, United States.
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