Dinamika Konflik Anti-Extradition Law Amendment Bill (ELAB) di Hong Kong Tahun 2019
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21776/jtg.v7i1.152Abstract
The Conflict of Anti-Extradition Law Amendment Bill (ELAB) in Hong Kong did not appear out of thin air. It was instigated by a Pro-Democracy group to challenge the amendment bill proposed by the government. The conflict escalated when other internal and external actors like the United States expressed their support for the Pro-Democracy group to fight against the Amendment Bill. Using the conflict dynamics approach to examine the process of ELAB conflict, this article analyzes the process through three elements that include internal actors, external parties, and clashes between the Chinese and Hong Kongese in terms of their sociopolitical values. Finally, this research shows that the Hong Kong ELAB conflict had escalated and intensified even more due to the dynamics between these three elements.References
Agencies. (2019). Clashes between officers and protesters outside Hong Kong police station. Retrieved March 15, 2020, from Channel News Asia website: https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/asia/hongkong-protesters-clash-outside-police-station-11767302
Albert, E., & Xu, B. (2019). The Chinese Communist Party. Retrieved February 21, 2020, from Council on Foreign Relations website: https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/chinese-communist-party
AP News. (2019). Latest: Trump: Trade war makes China cautious in Hong Kong. Retrieved February 24, 2020, from AP News website: https://apnews.com/7363616fa37f457bb57c3da4731b5b42
Asher, S., & Tsoi, G. (2019). What led to a single gunshot being fired? Retrieved September 29, 2019, from BBC News website: https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/extra/1diisEsIvY/hong-kong-protests
Bartos, O. J., & Wehr, P. (2002). Using Conflict Theory. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511613692
BBC News. (2019a). Hong Kong:Petrol bombs tossed at police in latest protest. Retrieved April 3, 2020, from BBC News website: https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-50115629
BBC News. (2019b). Hong Kong march: Thousands join largest pro-democracy rally in months. Retrieved February 15, 2020, from BBC News website: https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-50704137
BBC News. (2019c). Hong Kong protest: “Nearly two million†join demonstration. Retrieved February 26, 2020, from BBC News website: https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-48656471
BBC News. (2019d). Hong Kong protest: student boycott class on first day back. Retrieved March 11, 2020, from BBC News website: https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-49548089
BBC News. (2019e). Hong Kong protests cripple airport for second day. Retrieved March 17, 2020, from BBC News website: https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-49330848
BBC News. (2019f). Unjuk rasa Hong Kong: lima hal yang perku anda ketahui tentang protes menentang RUU Ekstradisi ke China. Retrieved March 22, 2020, from BBC News website: https://www.bbc.com/indonesia/dunia-48577627
Boland, R. (2019). What Country is Hong Kong Actually in? Retrieved February 21, 2020, from Tripsavvy website: https://www.tripsavvy.com/what-country-is-hong-kong-in-1535874
Chan, H. (2019). In Pictures: 12,000 Hongkongers march in protest against ‘evil’ China extradition law, organisers say. Retrieved September 10, 2019, from Hongkong Free Press website: https://www.hongkongfp.com/2019/03/31/pictures-12000-hongkongers-march-protest-evil-china-extradition-law-organisers-say/
Cheng, K. (2019a). Beijing fully supports Hong Kong leader Carrie Lam’s proposed plan of action, says china leader Ci Jinping-state media. Retrieved February 21, 2020, from Hongkong Free Press website: https://www.hongkongfp.com/2019/12/20/beijing-fully-supports-hong-kong-leader-carrie-lams-proposed-plan-action-says-china-leader-xi-jinping-state-media/
Cheng, K. (2019b). Calls for general strike and 7 rillies across Hong Kong on Monday, as protests escalate. Retrieved March 24, 2020, from Hongkong Free Press website: https://www.hongkongfp.com/2019/08/02/calls-general-strike-7-rallies-across-hong-kong-monday-protests-escalate/
Cheng, K. (2019c). Explainer: How frontline protesters’ toolkit has evolved over Hong KOng’s long summer of dissent. Retrieved March 10, 2020, from Hongkong Free Press website: https://www.hongkongfp.com/2019/08/09/explainer-frontline-protesters-toolkit-evolved-hong-kongs-long-summer-dissent/
Cheng, K. (2019d). Hong Kong running group must seek police permission if participants exceed 30, warn police. Retrieved March 10, 2020, from Hongkong Free Press website: https://www.hongkongfp.com/2019/10/29/hong-kong-running-group-must-seek-police-permission-participants-exceed-30-warn-police/
Cheng, K., & Chan, H. (2019). In pictures: “lennon Wall†message boards appears across Hong Kong districts in support of anti-extradition bill protests. Retrieved March 10, 2020, from Hongkong Free Press website: https://www.hongkongfp.com/2019/07/09/pictures-lennon-wall-message-boards-appear-across-hong-kong-districts-support-anti-extradition-law-protesters/
Cheung, H., & Hughes, R. (2019). Why are there protests in Hong Kong? All the context you need. Retrieved September 21, 2019, from BBC News website: https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-48607723/
CNN Indonesia. (2019a). Carrie Lam Ingatkan AS Tak Campuri Masalah Hong Kong. Retrieved February 20, 2020, from CNN Indonesia website: https://www.cnnindonesia.com/internasional/20190910133042-113-429101/carrie-lam-ingatkan-as-tak-campuri-masalah-hong-kong
CNN Indonesia. (2019b). Di Balik protes RUU Ekstradisi, Aksi Terbesar Hong Kong. Retrieved February 21, 2020, from CNN Indonesia website: https://www.cnnindonesia.com/internasional/20190610143415-113-402105/di-balik-protes-ruu-ekstradisi-aksi-terbesar-hong-kong
da Costa, A. N. (2019). Will the Us’s Hong Kong right law derail trade talks? Retrieved February 17, 2020, from BBC News website: https://www.bbc.com/news/business-50582881
Grundy, T. (2019). In pictures: tear gas in Causeway Bay as Hong Kong protesters convene for unauthorised march. Retrieved March 11, 2020, from Hongkong Free Press website: https://www.hongkongfp.com/2019/09/29/breaking-tear-gas-causeway-bay-hong-kong-protesters-convene-anti-authoritarianism-march/
Harrison, E. G., Kuo, L., & Yu, V. (2019). A battle for the sout of the city: why violence has spiralled in the Hong Kong protests. Retrieved February 22, 2020, from The Guardian website: https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/oct/06/a-battle-for-the-soul-of-the-city-why-violence-has-spiralled-in-the-hong-kong-protests
Huang, C. (2019). Hong Kong police fire tear gas at protesters in Tsim Sha Tsui: city braces itself for Monday strike. Retrieved March 12, 2020, from The Straits Times website: https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/east-asia/hong-kong-protests-planned-rally-in-mongkok-gets-green-light-more-marches-ahead
Hui, M. (2019). Bruce’s Lee “be water†philosophy works for Hong Kong protests- can it work for trail runners? Retrieved February 22, 2020, from Sunday China Morning Post website: https://www.scmp.com/sport/outdoor/trail-running/article/3024649/bruce-lees-be-water-philosophy-works-hong-kong-protests
Ives, M. (2019). What is Hong Kong’s Extradition Bill? Retrieved March 12, 2020, from New York Times website: https://www.nytimes.com/2019/06/10/world/asia/hong-kong-extradition-bill.html
Jeong, H.-W. (2008). Understanding Conflict and Conflict Analysis. London: SAGE Publications Ltd. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781446279366
Kuo, L. (2019). Hong Kong: protesters wary over elite troops clearing roadblocks. Retrieved February 20, 2020, from The Guardian website: https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/nov/18/hong-kong-protesters-wary-over-elite-troops-clearing-roadblocks
Lee, Y. N. (2019). 5 charts show how protests in Hong Kong have affected the city’s economy and stock market. Retrieved February 23, 2020, from CNBC website: https://www.cnbc.com/2019/12/26/hong-kong-protests-impact-on-economy-stock-market-in-five-charts.html
Leung, C. (2019). Extradition bill not made to measure for mainland China and won’t be abandoned, Hong Kong leader Carrie Lam says. Retrieved September 20, 2019, from Sunday China Morning Post website: scmp.com/news/hong-kong/politics/article/3004067/extradition-bill-not-made-measure-mainland-china-and-wont/
Leung, C., & Chiu, P. (2019). Baptist University president call on Hong Kong police to treat student fairly after arrest over possession of laser pens triggers siege of Sham Shui Po Police Station. Retrieved March 17, 2020, from Sunday China Morning Post website: https://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/law-and-crime/article/3021716/tear-gas-fired-sham-shui-po-hong-kong-after-students
Li, J. (2019). Hong Kong-China extradition plans explained. Retrieved March 13, 2020, from BBC News website: https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-47810723
Lok-Kei, S. (2019). Civil Human Right Front vows to keep the peace at Hong Kong pro-democracy march, with police-protester diplomacy. Retrieved February 15, 2020, from Sunday China Morning Post website: https://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/politics/article/3041001/civil-human-rights-front-vows-keep-peace-hong-kong-pro
Lok-Kei, S., & Kang-chung, N. (2019). Estimated 130,000 protesters join march against proposed extradition law that will allow transfer of fugitives from Hong Kong to mainland China. Retrieved from Sunday China Morning Post website: https://www.scmp.com/news/hongkong/politics/article/3007999/%0Athousands-set-join-protest-march-against-proposed%0A
Lulofs, R. S., & Cahn, D. D. (2000). Conflict : From Theory to Action (2nd ed.). Boston: Allyn and Bacon.
Mangkuto, W. S. (2019a). Protes berlanjut, Hong Kong luncurkan bantuan Ekonomi Rp 35 T.
Mangkuto, W. S. (2019b). RUU Ekstradisi sudah dicabut, kenapa demo Hong Kong masih lanjut? Retrieved February 23, 2020, from CNBC Indonesia website: https://www.cnbcindonesia.com/news/20190907202728-4-97838/ruu-ekstradisi-sudah-dicabut-kenapa-demo-hong-kong-lanjut
Mangkuto, W. S. (2019c). Sengsara karena demo, Hong Kong seminggu rugi Rp 5 T. Retrieved February 23, 2020, from CNBC Indonesia website: https://www.cnbcindonesia.com/news/20191009114641-4-105541/sengsara-karena-demo-hong-kong-seminggu-rugi-rp-5-t
Moleong, L. J. (2009). Metode Penelitian Kualitatif. Bandung: Remaja Rosdakarya.
Ng, K. (2019). Hong Kong protest: Carrie Lam has failed to govern and should resign.
Pemerintah.Net. (2014). Bentuk Pemerintahan Republik. Retrieved February 21, 2020, from Pemerintah.Net website: https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/chinese-communist-party
Regan, H., Berlinger, J., George, S., & Yeung, J. (2019). Hong Kong protest enter 11 th consecutive weekend. Retrieved March 17, 2020, from CNN website: https://edition.cnn.com/asia/live-news/hong-kong-protest-aug-18-intl-hnk/index.html
Regan, H., Berlinger, J., Yeung, J., & Westcott, B. (2019). City-wide strikes bring Hong Kong to standstill. Retrieved March 12, 2020, from CNN website: https://edition.cnn.com/2019/08/05/asia/hong-kong-strike-august-5-intl-hnk/index.html
Sebayang, R. (2019a). Awas, demo Hong Kong makin tak terkendali. Retrieved December 8, 2019, from CNBC Indonesia website: https://www.cnbcindonesia.com/news/20190909070437-4-97914/awas-demo-hong-kong-makin-tak-terkendali
Sebayang, R. (2019b). China : Tindakan lebih tegas diperlakukan di Hong Kong. Retrieved March 3, 2020, from CNBC Indonesia website: https://www.cnbcindonesia.com/news/20191113173150-4-115064/china-tindakan-lebih-tegas-diperlukan-di-hong-kong
Sebayang, R. (2019c). Demo hingga gedung DPR Rusak, Ada apa dengan Hong Kong? Retrieved December 8, 2019, from CNBC Indonesia website: https://www.cnbcindonesia.com/news/20190702151401-4-82170/demo-hingga-gedung-dpr-rusak-ada-apa-dengan-hong-kong
Sebayang, R. (2019d). Ini Joshua Wong & Agnes Chow, Milenial pimpin Demo Hong Kong. Retrieved February 21, 2020, from CNBC Indonesia website: https://www.cnbcindonesia.com/news/20190830144322-4-95987/ini-joshua-wong-agnes-chow-milenial-pimpin-demo-hong-kong
Sebayang, R. (2019e). Pro-Demokrasi menang, mungkinkah Hong Kong bebas dari china. Retrieved March 11, 2020, from CNBC Indonesia website: https://www.cnbcindonesia.com/news/20191126083307-4-117944/pro-demokrasi-menang-mungkinkah-hong-kong-bebas-dari-china
Siu, T. (2019). It doesn’t matter if its’s Christmas’: Hong Kong pro-democracy activists keep up protests". Retrieved April 3, 2020, from CNBC website: https://www.cnbc.com/2019/12/25/hong-kong-activists-keep-up-protests-on-christmas-day.html
Su, A., & Ho Kilpatrick, R. (2019). Hong Kong’s “valiant†fighters let the “peaceful†steer rally. Retrieved March 16, 2020, from Los Angeles Times website: https://enewspaper.latimes.com/infinity/article_share.aspx?guid=218250dd-b565-48bd-a7b8-52a57b0a63f1
Sui, C. (2019). The murder behind the Hong Kong protest: A case where no-one wants to killer. Retrieved February 21, 2020, from BBC News website: https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-50148577
Taylor, J., & Xinqi, S. (2019). Hong Kong Protesters bring transport to a halt for a second day. Retrieved April 3, 2020, from Hongkong Free Press website: https://www.hongkongfp.com/2019/11/12/hong-kong-protesters-bring-transport-halt-second-day/
The Straits Times. (2019a). China’s Xi Jinping vows support for Hong Kong leader Carrie Lam during “most difficult†time. Retrieved February 21, 2020, from The Straits Times website: https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/east-asia/chinese-premier-li-keqiang-says-hong-kong-not-yet-out-of-its-dilemma-in-meeting
The Straits Times. (2019b). HK protests: Clashes at upscale mall, MTR stations. Retrieved February 22, 2020, from The Straits Times website: https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/east-asia/hk-protests-clashes-at-upscale-mall-mtr-stations
The Straits Times. (2019c). Protesters occupy roads, surround police station in Mong Kok after police foiled airport protest. Retrieved March 11, 2020, from The Straits Times website: https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/east-asia/hong-kong-protesters-aim-to-stress-test-airport
Vidya, A. (2019a). Pemimpin Hong Kong kembali peringatkan AS untuk Tidak ikut campur. Retrieved February 20, 2020, from Kompas website: https://internasional.kompas.com/read/2019/09/10/15342821/pemimpin-hong-kong-kembali-peringatkan-as-untuk-tidak-ikut-campur?page=all
Vidya, A. (2019b). Unjuk Rasa Anti-UU Ekstradisi di Hong Kong, Satu Orang Tewas Terjatuh dari Atap Gedung. Retrieved December 8, 2019, from Republika Online website: https://internasional.republika.co.id/berita/q0n3al366/mahasiswa-hong-kong-yang-jatuh-saat-protes-meninggal
Wong, E. (2019). Hong Kong Protesters are targeting starbucks. Apple Could be next. Retrieved March 3, 2020, from New York Times website: https://www.nytimes.com/2019/10/15/business/hong-kong-starbucks-vandalism.html
Wong, M. (2019). Thanks, Yanks, but no Thanks: why US intervention in Hong Kong’s crisis may be more than protesters bergained for. Retrieved February 20, 2020, from Hongkong Free Press website: https://www.hongkongfp.com/2019/09/08/thanks-yanks-no-thanks-us-intervention-hong-kongs-crisis-may-protesters-bargained
Wong, T.-K. (2019). Hong Kong protest: What are the’five demands’? What do protesters want? Retrieved March 26, 2020, from Young Post SCMP website: https://yp.scmp.com/hongkongprotests5demands
Yiu-man, L. L. (2019). Hong Kong’s Protesters Are Resisting China With Anarchy and Principle. Retrieved September 29, 2019, from The New York Times website: https://www.nytimes.com/2019/06/28/opinion/hong-kong-protests-extradition-china.html
Yu, V. (2019). Hong Kong: mammoth rally marks six months of pro-democracy protests. Retrieved March 3, 2020, from The Guardian website: https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/dec/08/hong-kong-democracy-protests-continue-into-seventh-month
Zheng, S. (2019). Hong Kong airport protest continues for third day, reinforcements set to join demonstrators who camped overnight. Retrieved March 12, 2020, from Sunday China Morning Post website: https://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/politics/article/3022308/hong-kong-airport-protest-continues-third-day
Zhou, V., & Wong, A. (2019). Be water: the Bruce Lee philosophy behind Hong Kong’s protests. Retrieved March 10, 2020, from Inkstone website: www.inkstonenews.com/politics/hong-kong-protesters-get-inspirations-bruce-lee-kung-fu-strategy/article/3021622
