Multinationals and the Practice of Corporate Social Responsibility in Developing Countries: Case of Mining Sector in Indonesia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21776/jtg.v1i2.14Abstract
Abstraksi
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           Keberadaan dan operasi perusahaan multinasional di negara berkembang masih menjadi isu kontroversial. Seiring dengan praktek bisnisnya, perusahaan multinasional menjadi semakin terlibat dalam proses pembangunan suatu negara, termasuk dalam pelaksanaan tanggung jawab sosial perusahaan (corporate social responsibility). Kendati telah banyak studi yang dilakukan terkait CSR, tidak banyak studi yang membahas mengenai model CSR negara berkembang, dikarenakan mayoritas model CSR dikembangkan dari filosofi bisnis model negara maju. Karenanya, tulisan ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan model CSR negara berkembang dengan melihat salah satu contoh studi kasus yakni praktek CSR yang dilakukan oleh industri tambang di Indonesia. Dengan menggunakan piramid CSR negara berkembang milik Visser, tulisan ini menemukan bahwa praktek CSR tidaklah mungkin untuk hanya digeneralisasi berdasarkan negara maju dan berkembang, karena sifatnya sangat country-specific dan culture-specific. Kendati terdapat beberapa karakteristik yang serupa antara negara-negara berkembang, terdapat beberapa faktor, seperti politik dan sosiokultural, yang sangat berbeda sehingga sangat sulit menghasilkan model CSR negara berkembang yang sifatnya universal. Karenanya, dalam implementasi CSR di negara berkembang, yang harus menjadi perhatian utama adalah elemen politik dan sosiokultural dan bukan hanya fokus pada elemen ekonomi.      Â
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           Keywords: Corporate Social Responsibility, developing countries, Indonesia, sociocultural elementReferences
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